
Edited by Pi Wen Looi.
On Wednesday, October 12th, the authors of one of the top five selling books in ASTD press, Consulting on the Inside, A Practical Guide for Internal Consultants, 2nd edition, came to speak with us about “Facilitating Organizational Change.” Their book is used by professionals and is quoted in many books intended for preparation towards the CPLP examination. Bev Scott and Kim Barnes, together bring about 35 years professional experience in Organizational Development, Training and Management.

2011 October ASTD Golden Gate Chapter meeting presenters Kim Barnes and Bev Scott
The presentation began with a description of the internal consultant role. The internal consultant focuses on managing change, fear, and keeping client-requested plans for change on track. When working with clients or client systems there may be resistance. Part of the job of the internal consultant is to help the client move through the process. As an employee of their client company, the internal consultant uses high-level communication skills combined with unique insider’s knowledge to help the client look at root issues that may be part of a larger organizational issue.
Process
Internal consulting is less linear than external consulting. It is like a bowl of spaghetti. The consultant moves between these steps.
1. Contact – Contact can be wherever you run into people. Internal consultants know the organization and at least some of the people, though not always. Everybody is a potential client. First, lay the foundation; get information about why they are interested in working with you. That should lead to some kind of agreement, the next step.
2. Agreement – Clarify whether the agreement is for the next step, or is it for a whole project. Internal consultants establish an agreement, rather than a contract, with their clients.
3. Assessment – The challenge here, is getting to the right people in the client system to gather the right data. The internal consultant must be careful to avoid their own preconceptions, and be adept at recognizing and managing client assumptions. When gathering sensitive data, they must clarify appropriate language with the client. This will help to avoid confusion or animosity. An internal consultant needs to recognize when it is wise to bring someone in, either from outside the immediate system or outside the organization.
4. Feedback – This is a sensitive step, especially if the data collected from a client system, from a department, or a unit, is information the client doesn’t want to believe, accept, or agree with. For instance, how do you deliver the message that the client is part of the problem? This requires a lot of preparation and a lot of careful communication. Time is a good tool. Ask the client to think about the data overnight.
5. Alignment – Alignment is not possible unless the client owns the data. If the internal consultant starts to wonder if the client is heading down a different path, it is best to back up to the Agreement step. It may be necessary to gather agreement from secondary clients if the problem impacts more of the organization than originally considered. Questions to ask:
a. What is it we are really trying to change here?
b. Who’s involved in this process?
c. What is our strategy to get from here to this future place?
This is a really important step. This is where communication skills and expertise are very often needed. To gain this alignment, the internal consultant must now demonstrate knowing something about how change happens and how to move an organization forward.
6. Implementation. After the client clearly owns the data and agrees on a plan, the internal consultant will implement the plan. The outcome could be an off-site retreat or a continual improvement process.
7. Evaluation. A critical step that the internal consultant doesn’t do often enough is to evaluate success. At the end of the project or at major milestones, the internal consultant should review their agreement with the client, assess their accomplishments and lessons learned, for both the internal consultant and the client.
Success Factors
To ensure success of any organizational change, three factors must be present at the client company or client systems:
1. People have to be dissatisfied enough with the way things are.
2. There must be an articulated vision for how it could be different and better.
3. There has to be trust of the support for getting from before to after the change effort.
If any of those is zero, the effort is much more likely to fail. A successful change effort requires that the leadership align to the vision and the strategy. The internal consultant must align to the organizational leader who supports the change. There also has to be a compelling business case. Leaders and employees impacted by the change have to see that there is dissatisfaction that creates the business case for major change.
An internal consultant needs to be flexible and continue to develop appropriate skills to manage any surprises that might arise from a change management initiative. As change is the only constant, an internal consultant can count on using various skills to help the client navigate through the change process.
Reported by Wendy Sterndale, edited by Pi Wen Looi